Hormone replacement therapy (HRT): what it is and who might need it

Hot flashes, sleep problems, low energy, low libido — hormones do a lot, and when they change, life changes. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) means giving back one or more hormones to relieve symptoms or treat a medical condition. People use HRT for menopause symptoms, low testosterone in men, and as part of some gender-affirming care or fertility plans.

If you’re wondering whether HRT might help you, the first step is a clear reason (symptoms, lab-confirmed low levels, or a medical plan). Don’t guess at doses or buy random pills online. A clinician can match the type of hormone and dose to your goals and risks.

Types of HRT and how they’re given

HRT isn’t one-size-fits-all. Common hormones and routes include:

- Estrogen: pills, transdermal patches, gels, or vaginal rings/creams. Patches and gels often give steadier levels and can have lower clot risk than some pills.

- Progesterone (or progestin): usually paired with estrogen for people who still have a uterus to reduce the risk of uterine changes from estrogen alone.

- Testosterone: gels, patches, or injections for men with clinically low testosterone or sometimes for people with sexual health issues.

- Anti-androgens (like spironolactone): used in some cases to reduce male hormones. If that sounds relevant, check dosing and safety—some drugs need lab checks for potassium and kidney function.

Benefits, risks, and what to monitor

Benefits are often clear: fewer hot flashes, better sleep, improved mood and sexual function, and in some cases better bone density. Risks depend on the hormone, dose, route, and your health history. Key risks include blood clots (higher with some oral estrogens), possible breast changes, and impacts on blood pressure, liver tests, or cholesterol.

Before starting HRT you’ll usually get a baseline: blood tests (hormone levels, liver, lipids), blood pressure, and a review of family history for clotting or breast cancer. After starting HRT, expect follow-up labs and symptom checks—often at 3 months, then 6–12 months once stable. For testosterone users, doctors often check PSA and hematocrit.

Want safe prescriptions or cheaper meds? Use a licensed prescriber and a verified pharmacy. Be cautious with unfamiliar online sellers — check reviews, look for proper contact info, and confirm they require a prescription. Our site has practical articles that can help, like the guide on buying spironolactone online safely and pieces on fertility drug options.

If you have a specific condition (menopause, primary ovarian insufficiency, hypogonadism, or gender care), talk to a provider familiar with that area. Bring a list of your symptoms, current meds, and any test results. With the right plan and regular checks, HRT can be safe and effective for many people. Read our related guides below to learn more and get practical tips for staying safe while getting the care you need.